E-government success factors: Mapping practical tools to theoretical foundations

Strategies are systematic and long-term approaches to problems. Federal, state, and local governments are investing in the development of strategies to further their e-government goals. These strategies are based on their knowledge of the field and the relevant resources available to them. Governments are communicating these strategies to practitioners through the use of practical guides. The guides provide direction to practitioners as they consider, make a case for, and implement IT initiatives. This article presents an analysis of a selected set of resources government practitioners use to guide their e-government efforts. A selected review of current literature on the challenges to information technology initiatives is used to create a framework for the analysis. A gap analysis examines the extent to which IT-related research is reflected in the practical guides. The resulting analysis is used to identify a set of commonalities across the practical guides and a set of recommendations for future development of practitioner guides and future research into e-government initiatives. D 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.